52 Years of SICA!

A Legacy of Strength: 52 Years of SICA and the Evolution of Trade Unionism in Southern India

The journey of trade unionism in the Southern Indian film industry is a testament to resilience, vision, and unity. It began in Madras under the guidance of the late Sri Ramnath, with the formation of the Cine Technicians Association of South India. Established under the Societies Act, this cultural organization sought to promote fellowship and cooperation among film technicians. However, as the film industry grew, so did the need for a formal body to address the complexities of employment and working conditions.

The Formation of CTG

In 1956, the Cine Technicians Guild of South India (CTG) was established, marking the first organized trade union for cine workers in Southern India. CTG brought together all categories of technicians and workers under a unified banner. The initiative was led by two stalwarts of Tamil cinema, Nimai Ghosh and M.B. Srinivasan. Nimai Ghosh, a celebrated cinematographer from Bengal, and M.B. Srinivasan, a revered composer, collaborated in both filmmaking and union efforts. Together, they were instrumental in laying the foundation for CTG while actively contributing to progressive  Films, known for its progressive and socially conscious productions such as Padhai Theriyudu Paar (1952).

CTG quickly became a pillar of strength for its members, addressing issues of fair remuneration, job security, and working conditions. Membership grew exponentially, but as the industry diversified, so did the need for craft-specific unions.

The Birth of SICA

In 1972, recognizing the unique needs of cinematographers, a group of 17 professionals came together to form the Southern India Cinematographers’ Association (SICA). On 27th November 1972, SICA was officially registered under the Trade Union Act of 1926. With Mr. A. Vincent as its Founder-President, Mr. P.N. Sundaram as General Secretary, and Mr. S. Maruthi Rao as Treasurer, SICA became the first craft-specific trade union in Southern India’s film industry.

The association’s office operated out of Mr. Sundaram’s residence at No.3, Doraisamy Road, Madras-34. Despite demanding schedules in the film industry, the founders worked tirelessly to expand SICA’s membership and establish its role as a protective force for cinematographers.

Advocacy and Unity

From its inception, SICA stood for inclusivity, uniting members across Southern states—Madras, Mysore, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh—without discrimination of caste, creed, region, or religion. It became the voice of cinematographers, negotiating with studio management and producers for better wages, benefits, and working conditions.

The association also supported the broader effort of unifying trade unions through the establishment of the Film Employees Federation of South India (FEFSI). Despite facing resistance from various quarters, SICA’s leadership remained steadfast, ensuring the unity and strength of its members.

A Pillar of Support in Challenging Times

Over the past five decades, SICA has not only been an advocate for fair treatment but also a source of emotional and physical support for its members. This was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period that brought unprecedented challenges to the film industry. SICA distributed essential supplies and focused on both the mental and physical well-being of its members.

Health camps have become a regular feature of SICA’s activities, ensuring that members receive medical attention and support. The association has also adapted to technological advancements, organizing workshops and discussions to keep members updated on industry trends and innovations.

SICA Today

Fifty-two years after its formation, SICA remains a thriving organization with over 2,000 members, including internationally acclaimed cinematographers, national and state award winners, and emerging talents. It has not only upheld its founding principles but also embraced change, fostering a forward-thinking community that is prepared for the future.

A Legacy of Trade Unionism

SICA’s history is intertwined with the broader narrative of trade unionism in Southern India’s film industry.  The journey reflects the resilience and solidarity of cinema technicians. Today, SICA stands as a beacon of hope, innovation, and unity, continuing to champion the rights and welfare of its members while evolving with the times.

This historic journey underscores the power of collective strength and the enduring legacy of those who dared to dream of a better future for their peers. SICA is not just an association—it is a movement that has redefined the landscape of cinematography in Southern India and beyond.

Drafted by

CJ Rajkumar

Author/ Cinematographer